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What Is Redox Signaling Procedure And What Is Its Significance To The Human Body
Redox Signaling refers to the procedure in which reactive oxygen species, free radicals and other electronically activated radicals act as messengers in the biological system. It is basically the process that exhibits how cells in our body respond to free radicals and oxidants. Redox signaling is a continuous and important process, through which human cells connect with each other and carry out vital body functions.
What are Redox Signaling Molecules?
There are 2 kinds of Signaling molecules - "communicator" and "activator". These two play the role of messengers and are accountable for the communication between cells throughout our body. Also called Signaling molecules, they trigger the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, SOD and Catalase.
In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are elements that are produced organically within each cell of the body. When the cells are required to perform various functions, they generate two types of signaling molecules.
The first set of "activator" molecules set off the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are very effective in fighting off the damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; on the other hand they can't function unless activated by the signaling molecules. Thus you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to get the antioxidants to work.
The 2nd set of "communicator" molecules is responsible for enabling correct communication between the cells of the body, making sure optimum performance of the immune system and protecting the body against outside stimuli such as harmful viruses, bacteria etc. The millions of cells in our body are able to properly communicate and function because of the Redox signaling molecules.
Why is Redox signaling so important?
Both the external and internal factors such as stress, toxic chemicals, poor nutrition, bacterial infections etc affect our health in an undesirable way. This causes significant cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. With out an enough supply of Redox signaling molecules the antioxidants and immune system are unable to function effectively, leading to a vast range of health ailments.
Researchers and researchers worldwide have been conducting several studies on the Redox signaling molecules to discover more about their structure, effect and function with respect to human health. Let's take a look at many of the popular researches on this subject:
White, Blue-eyed Cats are Deaf
Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had mentioned "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He proposed that developmental issues with the nervous system may be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But researchers think it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system growth is a messenger-mediated process and so is the melanin synthesis.
Hence an imbalance in the Redox signaling procedure leads to improper melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and leads to defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).
Study by Hoffer and Osmond
The very first instance of Redox processes being involved in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. According to the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative items of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a role in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". Although the proposed hypothesis still continues to be in question, the fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can result in neuropsychiatric diseases, has been proven correct.
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